近几十年来,钛材在海水淡化叫、海洋考察与救生用的深潜器、海洋石油开采中平台与钻具器件“”、核电站与海洋温发电设备等方面有了很好的应用。实践已证实钛材在海洋工程中的应用,充分展现其优异的综合性能。本文就我国多年来自行开发与研仿的几种海洋工程用钛合金—Ti31、Ti75、TC4、Ti80钛合金棒、钛锻件的品种、规格与海洋工程环境的适应性、机械加工时的可成形性、可焊接性以及应用状况,作一简要叙述。为我国海洋工程设备结构设计选材提供可靠的信息。
二、Ti31、Ti75、TC4、Ti80钛合金性质与海洋工程环境的适应性
1、i31、Ti75、T80、TC4HEJINDEWULI、LIXUEXINGNENG
在下面研究中表1、表2列举了Ti31、Ti75、Ti80、TC4四种合金材料的物理和力学性能
CONGSHANGBIAO1、BIAO2KEYIKANCHUZHEIJIZHONGJINSHUMIDUXIAO、XIANGBIANDIANGAO、DIANZULVDA、XIANPENGZHANGXISHUXIAO、DANXINGMOLIANGZHIYOUGANGCAIDEYIBAN，DANLASHENQIANGDUGAO、CHONGJIRENXINGHAO。
2、JIZHONGTAIHEJINNAIHAIYANGJIEZHIDESHIYINGXING
TAIHEJINZAIHAIYANGDAQIJIHAISHUIJIEZHIZHONG,QIBIAOMIANHENRONGYICHANSHENGZHIMIDEYANGHUATAIMOERDUNHUA,DADADITIGAOLETAIDEWENDINGXING,ZAIHAISHUIJIEZHIZHONGJINPAO,QIFUSHISULVJINYU0,RUBIAO3SUOSHI。ZAIDIYU100℃HAISHUIZHONG,FENGXIFUSHISULVYEHENDI,YOUQISHITi31HEJINNAIFENGXIFUSHIKEDA180℃(HAISHUI),ZHEIXIETEDIANFEICHANGYOULIYUHUANREQIDENGSHEBEIDESHIYONG。
YOUBIAO3SUOCEDEFUSHISHUJUKAN,SHANGSHUJIZHONGTAIHEJINFEICHANGSHIYINGHAIYANGJIEZHI,SHIYOULIANGDEHAIYANGGONGCHENGCAILIAO。
3、JIZHONGTAIHEJINCAILIAODEKECHENGXINGXINGYUKEHANJIEXING
CONGCAILIAOZHICHENGJIXIECHANPIN,QIJIAGONGGONGYIZHONGLEIFANDUO,QIZHONGCHENGXINGGONGYIYUHANJIEDINGYIDEYINGYONGZUIWEIPUBIAN,YINERCAILIAODEKECHENGXINGXINGYUKEHANJIEXINGCHENGWEICAILIAOZAICHANPINZHIZAOZHONGDEZHONGYAOGONGYIXINGNENG。
3.1JIZHONGTAIHEJINDEKECHENGXINGXINGYUWENDU——BIANXINGSUXINGTU
GUTAIJINSHUCHENGXINGSHIZAIWAILIZUOYONGXIA,SHIJINSHUCAILIAOCHANSHENGYUQIDESUXINGBIANXING,YIHUODESUOXUXINGZHUANGCHICUNHELIXUEXINGNENGDEMAOPIHUOLINGJIANDEJIAGONGFANGFA,ZAIJIXIEGONGYEZHONG,ZHEIZHONGCHENGXINGYIZHUYAOSHIDUANZAOHEBANCAICHONGYA。CHENGXINGBIXUJUBEIJIBENTIAOJIAN,JIBEICHENGXINGJINSHUJUYOUKECHENGXINGXING,YEJIUSHIZAISHOUWAILIZUOYONGXIA,KEGAIBIANZIJIDEXINGZHUANGERBUCHANSHENGPOLIE。TAIHEJINYUGANG、LV、TONGHEJINBUTONG,ZAISHIWENTIAOJIANXIAYOUYUDUANLIEQIANGDUYUQUFUQIANGDUCHAXIAO,BIANXINGKANGLIDA、SUXINGDI,YINERCHENGXINGXINGJIAOCHA,DANSHIJINSHUCAILIAODECHENGXINGSUXINGSHIYUWENDUXIANGGUANDE,TAIHEJINZAIJIAREGUOCHENGZHONG,SUIZHEWENDUDESHENGGAO,BIANXINGKANGLIXIAJIANG,ERSUXINGDAZENG。TU1SHITi31、Ti75、Ti80、TC4TAIHEJINDEWENDU-BIANXINGSUXINGTUYOUGAITUBIAOMING,ZHEIJIZHONGTAIHEJINLENGBIANXINGXINGNENGJIAOCHA(DIYUZAIJIEPINWENDUYIXIACHENGXING、DANREBIANXINGXINGNENGHAO,HEJINSUIWENDUDESHENGGAO,HEJINZHONGSUXINGGAODEBXIANGZENGDUO,DANGBXIANGDADAO50%SHI,ZAIDISUBIANXINGTIAOJIANXIACHUXIANCHAOSUXING(TU1),CHENGXINGXINGNENGFEICHANGHAO。
3.2JIZHONGHEJINDEKEHANXINGYUHANJIEJIETOUXINGNENG
JINSHUDEHANJIESHIJIXIEZHIZAOYEZHONGZUIZHUYAODELIANJIEFANGFA,YESHIZAOCHUAN[YEZHONGZUIZHONGYAOZUIGUANJIANDELYIZHIYI,YINCI,JINSHUCAILIAOHANJIEXINGDEYOULIESHIZHIGUANZHONGYAODE。SUOWEIJINSHUCAILIAODEKEHANJIEXING,YIBANZHIZAIMOUZHONGHANJIEFANGFAXIADEDAOYOUZHIHANJIEJIETOUDENENGLI,TONGCHANGBAHANJIESHIDEKANGLIEXINGHEJIETOUDEXINGNENGZUOWEIZHONGYAODEPINGJIAZHIBIAO。BIAO4LIEJULETi31、Ti75、Ti80、TC4TAIHEJINDEKANGLIEXINGHEJINHANJIENENG。
CONGSHANGBIAOZHONGKEYIKANCHUTi31 Ti75 Ti80 HEJINWUJIYAHUHANJIE，HANJIEKANGLIEXINGFEICHANGHAO，HANJIEJIETOUQIANGDUYUMUCAIYIZHI，KEDADAOXISHUWEI1，TC4HEJINDEHANJIEKANGLIEXINGBIQIANSANZHONGHEJINSHAOCHA。
4YINGYONGSHILI
4.1SHENQIANQINAIYAQIUQIAOJIGOUJIAN
ZAISHENQIANQINAIYAQIAOTIDEYINGYONGFANGMIANMEIGUOHUANGGUANGUANFANGappDEBIJIAOZAO,RUAimKEYANSHENQIANQI,1973NIANGAIJIANSHIJIANGNAIYAQIAOTIHUANCHENGTAIHEJIN(BANHOU49mm),DAITI1964NIANJIANZAOSHICAIYONGDEHY0GAOQIANGGANG(BANHOU38mx,XIAQIANSHENDUCONG200mZENGJIADAO3600m.TADEFUZHUXIANGJIGAOYAKONGQIRONGQIYECAIYONGT-6lVETAIHEJINJIANZAO。1981NIANHE1982NIANJIANZAODE“HAIYA”HAOSHENQIANQIZHUANGBEILETAIDEGUANCHACANGHECAOZONGCANG,XIAQIANSHENDUKEDA600m。YOUCIYEKEYIKANCHU,DASHENDUSHENQIANQIDEQIAOTICAILIAOFAZHANQUSHIYESHIYONGTAIHEJIN。WOGUOMUQIANYEZAIYONGTAIHEJINYANZHISHENQIANQIDEYA
CANGHEFULIQIUDENGBUJIAN。
4.2HUANREQI
ZAIHAIYANGGONGCHENGZHONG,REJIAOHUANQIDEYINGYONGZUIGUANGFANDECAIYONGTAIHEJIN。ELUOSIZI1962NIANYILAIGEZHONGLEIXINGDEREJIAOHUANQIJIANZAOBINGCHENGGONGYUNXINGLIUQIANDUOTAI,YIJINGDADAOLEWANQUANSHANGYEHUADESHUIPING。WOGUOYECHENGGONGDEYUNYONGTAIHEJINSHENGCHANLEDUOTAICHUANYONGREJIAOHUANQI,BINGCHENGGONGDEYUNXINGZAICHUANSHANG。
4.3FAMEN
CHUANSHANGDEBENG、FAJIGUANZI,YOUYUGONGZUOJIEZHIWEIHAISHUI,DUICAILIAOYAOQIUNAIHAISHUIFUSHIXINGNENGHAO。YOUDEBENG,GONGZUOTIAOJIANFEICHANGELIE,RUZAOSHUIXITONGDEWANGFUSHIYANSHUIBENG,JIEZHIWEIGAODUNONGSUODEYANSHUI。YIQIANBENGNEIDEZHUSAI、FA、FAZUODENGCAIYONG1Crl3BUXIUGANGZHIZAO,BINGZAIBIAOMIANDUGE。SHIYONGSHIJIANBUZHANG,JIUXIUSHIYANZHONG,XUJINGCHANGGENGHUAN。YONGTAIHEJINGENGHUANHOUBUZAICUNZAIWEIXIUWENTI
4.4JINGUJIAN
JINGUJIANSHIJIXIEJICHUJIANDEZHONGYAOZUCHENGBUFEN,SUCHENG"GONGYEZHIMI”,ZAIGEXINGGEYEGUANGFANYINGYONG,JINGUJIANBAOKUOLUODING、LUOSHUAN、LUOMU、DIANQUAN、XIAO、JIAN、DANGQUANDENGCHANPIN。SUIZHETAIHEJINSHEBEI、JIEGOU、GUANXI、FALAN,GEXINGBENG、FADENGZAIHAIYANGSHANGDEGUANGFANYINGYONG,TAIHEJINJINGUJIANZAIHAIYANGGONGCHENGSHANGDEYINGYONGYEYOUJIAODATIGAO,TEBIESHIZAIJIANCHUANSHANGDEYINGYONGGENGWEIGUANGFAN。RUWOGUOMOUTINGTONGHAIGUANDAOYONGLUOSHUANYICAIYONGTi80TAIHEJINHETC4TAIHEJIN,LUOMUCAIYONGTA5HEJIN,DIANPIANCAIYONGTA2TAIBANG。WOGUOJINJINIANYINJINDEDUOTIAOGEXINGJIANCHUAN,QISHANGMIANDETAISHEBEIYONGJINGUJIANDADOUCAIYONGTAIHEJIN,CONGSHICHUANKAOCHAFAXIANTAIHEJINJINGUJIANJINGGUOJISHINIANDEHAISHUIJINPAO,QIBIAOMIANMEIYOUCHANSHENGFUSHIXIANXIANG。SUOYICAIYONGTAIHEJINJINGUJIANKEYIJIEJUENAIHAISHUIFUSHI、YIZHONGCAILIAOJIANDEDIANHUAXUEFUSHIDENGWENTI,BINGKEDADATIGAOLUOSHUANDESHIYONGSHOUMING、BINGJIANQINGSHEBEIZHONGLIANG,
5.JIELUN
5.1TAIHEJINYOUYUBIQIANGDUGAO,BIRENXINGHAO、NAIHAISHUIFUSHITEBIESHINAIHAISHUIZHONGDELVLIZIFUSHI,SHIHAIYANGGONGCHENGYINGYONGZHONGDEYOUXIUCAILIAO,YOUBEIYUWEI“HAIYANGJINSHU”,YINGGAIZAIHAIYANGGONGCHENGZHONGDALITUIGUANGYINGYONG。
5.2我国多年来自行开发与研制的Ti31、Ti75、Ti80、TC4钛棒四种海洋工程用钛合金材料的物理、力学、耐海水腐蚀性能,以及其可成形性、可焊接性非常良好,部分材料已经在船上成功应用.可以进一步推广
